The Byzantine Empire, which spanned from 330 AD to 1453 AD, produced some of the most fascinating and historically significant coins in history. Byzantine coins are not only valuable to collectors for their rarity but also for their artistic beauty and the rich history they represent.
Some Byzantine coins have fetched thousands of dollars at auctions due to their scarcity, historical importance, and condition. In this article, we’ll explore five rare Byzantine Empire coins that are worth thousands of dollars today.
1. Solidus of Justinian I (527-565 AD)
The Solidus of Justinian I is one of the most iconic coins from the Byzantine Empire. Justinian I, often known as “Justinian the Great,” ruled during a period of significant expansion for the empire, and his reign was marked by the ambitious rebuilding of Constantinople, including the construction of the Hagia Sophia. The solidus, made of pure gold, was a stable currency and widely circulated throughout the empire.
Key Features:
- Material: Gold
- Weight: 4.5 grams
- Obverse: Features a bust of Justinian I, often depicted wearing a diadem or helmet.
- Reverse: Typically shows Victory standing, holding a cross and globe, symbolizing the Christian faith and Byzantine authority.
Estimated Value:
- Good Condition: $2,000 – $5,000
- Mint Condition: Up to $10,000
The high demand for the solidus stems from its gold content, historical significance, and the impact of Justinian’s reign on the Byzantine Empire.
2. Tremissis of Heraclius (610-641 AD)
Heraclius is another prominent Byzantine emperor, known for his military campaigns against the Persians and the early Muslim Caliphates. The Tremissis of Heraclius, a smaller gold coin compared to the solidus, is highly sought after by collectors due to its rarity and Heraclius’ important role in Byzantine history.
Key Features:
- Material: Gold
- Weight: 1.5 grams
- Obverse: Depicts Heraclius with his sons Constantine III and Heraclonas, emphasizing the dynasty.
- Reverse: Features a cross on steps, a symbol of Christianity’s dominance in the empire.
Estimated Value:
- Good Condition: $1,500 – $3,500
- Mint Condition: Up to $8,000
Collectors appreciate the Tremissis of Heraclius for its intricate design, dynastic imagery, and historical significance during a tumultuous period in Byzantine history.
3. Follis of Anastasius I (491-518 AD)
Anastasius I reformed the Byzantine coinage system and introduced the Follis, a large bronze coin used for everyday transactions. The Follis of Anastasius I is especially important because it marks the beginning of a more regulated and standardized monetary system in the empire.
While bronze coins are generally less valuable than gold, the Follis of Anastasius is an exception due to its rarity and the pivotal role it played in Byzantine monetary reforms.
Key Features:
- Material: Bronze
- Weight: 16-18 grams
- Obverse: Bust of Anastasius I, often shown with a diadem.
- Reverse: Features the value of the coin (in Greek numerals) and a large “M,” representing the denomination of 40 nummi.
Estimated Value:
- Good Condition: $500 – $1,500
- Mint Condition: Up to $3,000
Collectors highly value this coin for its historical importance, as it represents one of the first standardized copper coins in Byzantine history.
4. Histamenon Nomisma of Constantine IX Monomachos (1042-1055 AD)
The Histamenon Nomisma was a gold coin that circulated during the reign of Constantine IX Monomachos. This coin stands out due to its artistic design and the historical period in which it was minted.
Constantine IX’s reign is associated with the beginning of the empire’s decline, yet the coins from this period are prized for their intricate craftsmanship.
Key Features:
- Material: Gold
- Weight: 4.4 grams
- Obverse: Features a portrait of Christ Pantocrator, a central figure in Byzantine iconography.
- Reverse: Depicts Constantine IX with a cross and globe, symbolizing his rule and divine authority.
Estimated Value:
- Good Condition: $2,500 – $6,000
- Mint Condition: Up to $12,000
This coin’s value is driven by its gold content, historical significance, and the stunning depiction of Christ, making it highly sought after by collectors.
5. Hyperpyron of Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118 AD)
The Hyperpyron was introduced by Alexios I Komnenos during a time of economic reform in the Byzantine Empire. This gold coin replaced the older nomisma and became a staple of Byzantine currency for the next few centuries. The rarity of Hyperpyron coins from Alexios I’s reign makes them especially valuable.
Key Features:
- Material: Gold
- Weight: 4.45 grams
- Obverse: Depicts Christ seated on a throne, holding the Gospels.
- Reverse: Shows Alexios I holding a cross, symbolizing both his authority and the empire’s Christian faith.
Estimated Value:
- Good Condition: $3,000 – $7,000
- Mint Condition: Up to $15,000
The historical importance of Alexios I and his monetary reforms, combined with the beautiful design of the Hyperpyron, makes this coin highly prized among collectors.
| Coin Type | Emperor | Year | Material | Estimated Value (Good-Mint Condition) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solidus of Justinian I | Justinian I | 527-565 AD | Gold | $2,000 – $10,000 |
| Tremissis of Heraclius | Heraclius | 610-641 AD | Gold | $1,500 – $8,000 |
| Follis of Anastasius I | Anastasius I | 491-518 AD | Bronze | $500 – $3,000 |
| Histamenon Nomisma of Constantine IX | Constantine IX | 1042-1055 AD | Gold | $2,500 – $12,000 |
| Hyperpyron of Alexios I Komnenos | Alexios I Komnenos | 1081-1118 AD | Gold | $3,000 – $15,000 |
Conclusion
Byzantine coins represent not only rare and valuable collectibles but also fascinating pieces of history. From the gold solidus of Justinian I to the hyperpyron of Alexios I Komnenos, each coin tells the story of a bygone empire. Whether you’re a seasoned collector or just starting, these five rare Byzantine coins are worth seeking out, as they hold significant historical and financial value.
FAQs
What makes Byzantine coins valuable?
Byzantine coins are valuable due to their historical significance, rarity, and the quality of their designs. Coins made of precious metals, like gold, are particularly valuable, especially if they are in good condition.
How do I know if my Byzantine coin is rare?
You can determine the rarity of your Byzantine coin by identifying the emperor, the year it was minted, and its condition. Consulting with a professional numismatist or getting the coin appraised by a reputable grading service can provide more insight.
Where can I buy rare Byzantine coins?
Rare Byzantine coins can be purchased from reputable auction houses, coin shows, or specialized online dealers. Heritage Auctions and other well-known coin auction platforms often feature rare Byzantine coins in their collections.
What is the most expensive Byzantine coin ever sold?
The most expensive Byzantine coins typically include gold solidi and histamenon nomisma from emperors like Justinian I and Constantine IX. Some rare examples in mint condition have sold for over $100,000 at auction.
